In this study, the effect of texture and morphology on the mechanical behavior of 316L stainless steel samples fabricated by selective laser melting was investigated using the crystal plasticity finite element method. To this end, four representative volume elements with varying grain aspect ratios were reconstructed based on the EBSD data obtained from the samples. The crystal plasticity constitutive relations were implemented into the ABAQUS software through a UMAT subroutine, and the representative volume elements were simulated under tensile loading. The results show that isotropic morphology leads to higher tensile strength on a macroscopic scale. Moreover, as the grain aspect ratio increases and the grains become more elongated, the tensile strength of the samples gradually decreases. Additionally, the stress distribution becomes more non-uniform with increasing grain elongation, and regions with stress concentration along the loading direction and at the boundaries of elongated grains increase. This study highlights the critical role of grain morphology in determining the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline materials. Furthermore, the proposed crystal plasticity finite element modeling approach provides an effective tool for accurately predicting the performance of materials manufactured through additive manufacturing methods, facilitating the exploration and development of new alloys and advanced materials.