بررسی تاثیر بافت بر رفتار تغییر شکل فولاد ضدزنگ L316 ساخته شده به روش ساخت افزایشی با استفاده از روش اجزاء محدود کریستال پلاستیسیته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه سمنان، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک

2 سمنان، دانشگاه سمنان، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک

چکیده
در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش اجزاء محدود کریستال پلاستیسیته به بررسی تاثیر بافت و مورفولوژی بر رفتار مکانیکی نمونه‌های فولاد زنگ‌نزن 316L ساخته‌شده به روش ذوب گزینشی با لیزر پرداخته شده است. برای این منظور، با استفاده از اطلاعات حاصل از آنالیز EBSD نمونه‌ها، چهار المان حجمی نماینده با نسبت‌های ابعادی مختلف دانه‌ها بازسازی گردیدند. روابط ساختاری کریستال پلاستیسیته با استفاده از یک زیر برنامه UMAT در نرم‌افزار آباکوس اعمال و المان‌های حجمی نماینده تحت بار کششی شبیه‌سازی شدند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که همسانگرد بودن مورفولوژی منجر به مقاومت کششی بالاتر در مقیاس ماکرو می‌شود. همچنین با افزایش نسبت ابعادی دانه‌ها و کشیده‌تر شدن آن‌ها، مقاومت نمونه‌ها تحت بار کششی به تدریج کاهش می‌یابد. توزیع تنش نیز با کشیده‌تر شدن دانه‌ها غیریکنواخت‌تر شده و نواحی دارای تمرکز تنش در راستای بارگذاری و مرز دانه‌های کشیده‌شده افزایش می‌یابد. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مورفولوژی دانه نقش مهمی در تعیین رفتار مکانیکی مواد پلی‌کریستال ایفا می‌کند. همچنین روش مدل‌سازی پیشنهادی بر پایه چارچوب اجزاء محدود کریستال پلاستیسیته، ابزاری مناسب برای پیش‌بینی دقیق عملکرد مواد ساخته‌شده به روش تولید افزایشی بوده و امکان مطالعه و توسعه آلیاژهای جدید و مواد پیشرفته را فراهم می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of the Effect of Texture on the Deformation Behavior of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Using the Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method

نویسندگان English

Sina Jabarzadeh 1
Ahmad Ghasemi-Ghalebahman 2
Amir Najibi 1
1 Semnan University
2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
چکیده English

In this study, the effect of texture and morphology on the mechanical behavior of 316L stainless steel samples fabricated by selective laser melting was investigated using the crystal plasticity finite element method. To this end, four representative volume elements with varying grain aspect ratios were reconstructed based on the EBSD data obtained from the samples. The crystal plasticity constitutive relations were implemented into the ABAQUS software through a UMAT subroutine, and the representative volume elements were simulated under tensile loading. The results show that isotropic morphology leads to higher tensile strength on a macroscopic scale. Moreover, as the grain aspect ratio increases and the grains become more elongated, the tensile strength of the samples gradually decreases. Additionally, the stress distribution becomes more non-uniform with increasing grain elongation, and regions with stress concentration along the loading direction and at the boundaries of elongated grains increase. This study highlights the critical role of grain morphology in determining the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline materials. Furthermore, the proposed crystal plasticity finite element modeling approach provides an effective tool for accurately predicting the performance of materials manufactured through additive manufacturing methods, facilitating the exploration and development of new alloys and advanced materials.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Additive manufacturing
Crystal plasticity finite element method
316L stainless steel
EBSD analysis
[1] Khairallah SA, Anderson AT, Rubenchik A, King WE. Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: Physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones. Acta Materialia. 2016;108:36-45.
[2] Blakey-Milner B, Gradl P, Snedden G, Brooks M, Pitot J, Lopez E, et al. Metal additive manufacturing in aerospace: A review. Materials & Design. 2021;209:110008.
[3] Dilberoglu UM, Gharehpapagh B, Yaman U, Dolen M. The role of additive manufacturing in the era of industry 4.0 .Procedia manufacturing. 2017;11:545-54.
[4] Bajaj P, Hariharan A, Kini A, Kürnsteiner P, Raabe D, Jägle EA. Steels in additive manufacturing: A review of their microstructure and properties. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2020;772:138633.
[5] Hitzler L, Merkel M, Hall W, Öchsner A. A review of metal fabricated with laser‐ and powder‐ bed based additive manufacturing techniques: process, nomenclature, materials, achievable properties, and its utilization in the medical sector. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2018;20:1700658.
[6] Suryawanshi J, Prashanth K, Ramamurty U. Mechanical behavior of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017;696:113-21.
[7] Hovig EW, Azar AS, Grytten F, Sørby K, Andreassen E. Determination of anisotropic mechanical properties for materials processed by laser powder bed fusion. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2018;2018:7650303.
[8] Zhao Q, Wahab MA, Ling Y, Liu Z. Grain-orientation induced stress formation in AA2024 monocrystal and bicrystal using Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method. Materials & Design. 2021;206:109794.
[9] Motaman SAH, Roters F, Haase C. Anisotropic polycrystal plasticity due to microstructural heterogeneity: A multi-scale experimental and numerical study on additively manufactured metallic materials. Acta Materialia. 2020;185:340-69.
[10] Wang YM, Voisin T, McKeown JT, Ye J, Calta NP, Li Z, et al. Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility. Nature materials. 2018;17:63-71.
[11] Ahmadi A, Mirzaeifar R, Moghaddam NS, Turabi AS, Karaca HE, Elahinia M. Effect of manufacturing parameters on mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel parts fabricated by selective laser melting: A computational framework. Materials & Design. 2016;112:328-38.
[12] Andani MT, Karamooz-Ravari MR, Mirzaeifar R, Ni J. Micromechanics modeling of metallic alloys 3D printed by selective laser melting. Materials & Design. 2018;137:204-13.
[13] Cao Y, Moumni Z, Zhu J, Zhang Y, You Y, Zhang W. Comparative investigation of the fatigue limit of additive-manufactured and rolled 316 steel based on self-heating approach. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 2020;223:106746.
[14] Demir E, Horton EW, Mokhtarishirazabad M, Mostafavi M, Knowles D. Grain size and shape dependent crystal plasticity finite element model and its application to electron beam welded SS316L. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 2023;178:105331.
[15] Wang Z, Jiang B, Wu S, Liu W. Anisotropic tension-compression asymmetry in SLM 316L stainless steel. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 2023;246:108139.
[16] ASTM StandardE8/E8M, Standard Test Methods For Tension Testing of Metallic Materials. 2011.
[17] Groeber MA, Jackson MA. DREAM. 3D: a digital representation environment for the analysis of microstructure in 3D. Integrating materials and manufacturing innovation. 2014;3:56-72.
[18] Jabarzadeh S, Ghasemi-Ghalebahman A, Najibi A. Investigation into microstructure, mechanical properties, and compressive failure of functionally graded porous cylinders fabricated by SLM. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2024:108794.
[19] Roters F, Eisenlohr P, Hantcherli L, Tjahjanto DD, Bieler TR, Raabe D. Overview of constitutive laws, kinematics, homogenization and multiscale methods in crystal plasticity finite-element modeling: Theory, experiments, applications. Acta Materialia. 2010;58:1152-211.
[20] Helm D, Butz A, Raabe D, Gumbsch P. Microstructure-based description of the deformation of metals: theory and application. Jom. 2011;63:26-33.
[21] Boyce MC, Weber G, Parks D. On the kinematics of finite strain plasticity. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 1989;37:647-65.
[22] Hutchinson JW. Bounds and self-consistent estimates for creep of polycrystalline materials. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1976;348:101-27.
[23] Peirce D, Asaro RJ, Needleman A. Material rate dependence and localized deformation in crystalline solids. Acta metallurgica. 1983;31:1951-76.
[24] Huang Y. A user-material subroutine incroporating single crystal plasticity in the ABAQUS finite element program: Harvard Univ. Cambridge, UK, 1991.
[25] Feaugas X, Pilvin P, Clavel M. Cyclic deformation behaviour of an α/β titanium alloy—II. Internal stresses and micromechanic modelling. Acta Materialia. 1997;45:2703-14.
دوره 4، شماره 3
پاییز 1403
صفحه 387-403

  • تاریخ دریافت 12 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 15 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 28 آذر 1403